Without drilling or excavating, a geophysical technique called an Electrical Resistivity Test (ERT) for soil can be used to determine the properties beneath the surface. A little electric current is run through the soil while electrodes are buried in the ground for this test. Engineers and geologists can determine key characteristics including moisture content, soil stratification, rock strata, groundwater depth, and even the existence of cavities or fractures by measuring how strongly the soil opposes the passage of electricity. Because it offers a detailed image of subsurface conditions rapidly and affordably, ERT is frequently used in construction site investigations, groundwater studies, agriculture, and environmental evaluations. This helps with better planning and lowers project risks